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There usually isn’t a real estate agent involved
in foreclosures, IRS sales or tax sales. Buyers agents can sometimes
be helpful, but they generally expect a fee. For the most part,
an investor is on their own in this arena.
Foreclosures
Foreclosures are attractive because they allow an investor to pay
a wholesale rather than retail price. There are three ways to benefit
from a foreclosure situation: buying from the owner prior to a foreclosure
sale; buying the property at a foreclosure sale; buying from a lender
after foreclosure.
State law requires the publication of foreclosure notices, which
can usually be found in a legal newspaper or the legal notice section
of a general circulation paper.
Buying before a foreclosure sale
Buying from an owner before a foreclosure sale allows you to avoid
a competitive auction situation, which could drive up the price.
However, it is important to get a property profile from a title
insurance company as well as check the owner’s equity in the
property. If the seller owes too much on the property, it would
be better to wait until at lease the foreclosure sale.
Upside-down opportunities
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When
the amount owed on a property (mortgage) exceeds the value of the
property, you have what’s known as an “upside-down”
situation. This occurs during periods where home values increase
dramatically, resulting in high loans, then drop significantly.
In these cases, an owner just wants to get out of the property and
pay their debt without defaulting on the loan. In addition, lenders
don’t want to own the property they financed.
This provides a unique opportunity for investors because the foreclosure
of a priority lien wipes out junior liens. A smart investor could
purchase the property at a foreclosure sale for a significant savings.
On the downside, most foreclosure bidders have never seen the inside
of the property – they could be in for a shock. Title insurance
is not always available. A bidder must bid in cash. Foreclosure
sales are a unique animal. If you are interested in obtaining foreclosure
properties, it’s advisable to attend a few sales to familiarize
yourself with local procedures. Foreclosures sales can be lucrative
if you know what you are getting into.
Buying after the foreclosure sale…
If a lender ends up successfully bidding on a property they financed,
the property becomes known as a real estate owned (REO) property.
The best time to buy an REO property is just before the lender purchases
it. Many REO investors in make an offer to the lender before the
sale. The offer is only valid for 24 hours after the sale and is
accompanied by a check for at least $5000 made out to the closing
agent. The lender now has an incentive to immediately flip the property
to the investor and receive immediate compensation. Investors can
build a relationship with a lender in order to buy properties on
similar terms. In this way, both parties benefit.
Moratoriums
Lenders who are reluctant to cut the price of the property can sometimes
be convinced to sell a property subject to a moratorium. A moratorium
is a cessation, for a specified period of time, of loan or interest
payments. The buyer can get a significant reduction in price and
the lender gets around showing a book loss on the property (which
would happen if they sold it for under price).
IRS sales…
The IRS can impose a general lien against real estate for delinquent
taxes. While there is usually less competition at IRS sales, IRS
tax liens do not have priority over property tax liens. This means
a buyer takes the property subject to all priority liens. A careful
title check is imperative, as the IRS gives no guarantees on the
property or its fitness for use. In addition, taxpayers have the
right to redeem their property up to 180 days after the IRS sale.
Tax sales
Tax sales can offer incredible opportunities. Often, the delinquent
taxes owed are minimal in proportion to the value of the property.
Investors also benefit as real estate taxes and special assessments
are priority liens. Foreclosure generally wipes out junior liens.
However, knowledge is key. Many owners redeem the properties by
paying back taxes just before the sale. Some states also allow a
redemption period after the sale. At times, heated bidding can raise
the price of a desirable property above market value. Buying at
a tax sale does not guarantee a bargain.
When you are in foreclosure
If you are an owner having problems paying on a loan, go to the
lender and explain the problem. They are often willing to work with
owners who are trying to meet their obligations. Solutions may include
a moratorium on payments, interest only payments, restructuring
a loan or leasing back a foreclosed property. Remember, the last
thing your lender wants is to own the property.
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